Official documents of the North Syrian Federation Economic Committee with principles and bylaws of the economic revolution based on cooperative economy.

“We want 80% of our economy to be made up of co-operatives, but we don’t believe in a socialist model that prohibits private initiative. Our idea is that each person plays an active role in society, and the transformation has to happen step by step, with the participation of the people”

Heval Rashid, co-president of the Department of Economy

(source: Co-operatives and Communes: The Third Way of Rojava in the Syrian Conflict)

 

THE CO-OPERATIVE CONTRACT OF THE DEMOCRATIC FEDERATION OF NORTHERN SYRIA

source: mesopotamia.coop

A – Definition and Principles

The co-operative is a social organisation that does not seek profit, but the fulfilment of the basic needs of society, based on collective work, sharing, solidarity and self-governance.

The co-operatives are basic moral-political pillars of the restructuring of society on a democratic foundation.

The co-operatives do not limit themselves to economic production. In both their economic activities and support in other social fields, they are determining factors of democratic society.

The co-operatives follow the basic principles and approaches of the democratic-communal economy paradigm as their basis.

The satisfaction of basic social needs and ecological compatibility are taken as the underlying principles of all co-operative activity.

Co-operatives embrace the economic experiences of the last two centuries of democratic-social resistance, and the goals of free individual – democratic society. The aspects of these experiences that contribute to the moral and political development of society are taken as a basis.

The co-operative takes as its basis the type of production of a democratic-communal economy. A co-operative aims to internally carry out all aspects of production of the specific basic need that it is founded to produce.

Democracy is the operative principle in co-operative administration. In the co-operative community the workers are not only passive members with voting responsibility, but active agents in the administration of the co-operative. They carry out this responsibility of active participation.

The co-operatives build their governance mechanisms using democratic means.

Participation based on labour is central to the co-operatives. In special cases, there can be participation by means of capital. Such participation is subject to the approval of the members of the co-operative.

The administration of the co-operatives is subject to direct, open and complete regulation by both the members of the co-operative and those of the commune the co-operative is part of.

The decisions regarding the internal workings of the commune are taken and put into practice with the participation of every member of the co-operative.

While every unit within the co-operative takes decisions autonomously, decisions that also relate to the other units and the co-operative as a whole are made jointly. In situations involving the larger community, the formulation of policy and its implementation is carried out by all of the communities involved.

All means of production, livestock and fields used in co-operative activity are at the disposal of the commune, and are to be used for the satisfaction of common needs and joint economic production.

B – Binding Clauses

1 – The legitimacy of the co-operative is grounded in the presence of moral and political restructuring of society and its economic field.

2 – In the co-operatives, democratic conscience and social organisation complement one another. In this framework, co-operative activities are also activities that promote the education and organisation of society on a democratic-communal basis.

3 – Between the co-operatives and the other institutions of democratic society, there is a complementary and holistic relationship. The existence of the co-operatives presupposes the existence of democratic self-governance mechanisms such as the communes, assemblies, town councils and congresses.

4 – The co-operatives are voluntary organisations that are open to all those who accept the responsibilities of membership and are able to make use of their benefits, without sexual, social, racial, political or religious discrimination.

5 – The co-operatives are democratic organisations regulated by their members. The elected coordinators are responsible towards members.

6 – All members have an equal vote. If a member is also a member of another co-operative, they can only become a coordinator in one of them. The co-operatives are based on the principle of self-governance.

7 – Anyone can participate who espouses the communal economy and sees in themselves the conviction, will, determination and power to act for its realisation. Every person who accepts the paradigm, principles and measures of the democratic-communal co-operative, and makes an effort to realise it, can become a member.

8 – The co-operatives are autonomous, self-reliant and self-governing organisations. In the event that the co-operatives enter into an agreement with other institutions, including governments, or increase their budget through external sources, they carry these out in such a way that the democratic government by the members and autonomy of the co-operative are preserved.

9 – The co-operatives provide educational opportunities for their elected representatives, coordinators and workers, to actively contribute to the development of the co-operative. In this framework, the co-operatives are responsible for providing and supporting activities to encourage vocational, social, cultural, and athletic education.

10 – The co-operatives can form associations on the basis of their activity and area of production, and on regional, national and international scales. However, these associations are not to seek economic monopoly or hegemony, but to satisfy the needs of the community.

11 – The co-operatives work for the sustainable development of their communities through consensus-based policies. The democratic-communal co-operatives are the economic models of the democratic reconstruction of society. They operate not just for their members, but for the sustainable and holistic development of the whole society and the commune and associations they are part of. In areas such as health, infrastructure and services, transportation, communications, and ecology, they carry out activities to the extent that their means allow and offer support for the existing ones.

C – Organisational Structure and Procedures

Eight people can come together to form a co-operative. The co-operatives can come together to create a common co-operative association. These associations are formed of at least three co-operatives active in the same sector.

Co-operative associations are responsible for tasks such as regulation of member co-operatives, conformity of the programme with co-operative principles, forming bonds with the canton co-operatives and collecting membership fees.

The co-operatives can form multiple workshops and facilities.

The Co-operative General Assembly is composed of its members. The designation and maintenance of procedures and activities within the co-operative and the intra-co-operative division of labour are carried out by the General Assembly. The production strategy, division of labour, production process, rules and methods are democratically decided in meetings. Representatives are chosen for administrative positions based on the allocation of work and duties in the co-operative. The co-operative regulates productive activities.

The General Assembly holds term meetings every six months, and general meetings annually.

The board of management is composed of democratically elected members. Only one person per family is allowed to be a member at any given point.

The General Assembly can make changes according to the general needs of the co-operative in terms of the creation of the board of management, their functions, period in office and labour process. It can call the elected members to account, recall them before their term is over, or change their position.

The Co-operative Board of Management is chosen, given tasks and regulated by the General Assembly, and re-elects the board in annual meetings.

In the co-operative management boards, there is a principle of using the system of co-chairs.

The Board of Management is responsible for carrying out the decisions of the General Assembly. It cannot make and implement decisions beyond the parameters defined for it.

In extenuating circumstances, such decisions can be taken with prior approval from the General Assembly.

The Board of Management reports on its activities to the General Assembly every six months.

The activities and procedure of the co-operative, and their compliance with the principles and rules set out by the General Assembly, are regulated by the House of Co-operatives. They issue proposals for investigation into practices that violate the paradigm, principles and rules. Recommendations are made to help correct observed insufficiencies and errors. The House of Co-operatives feeds back to the General Assembly every six months.

D – Working Principles

The co-operatives have a collective work model. All members that are fit to work take part in at least one enterprise based on the rules and measures.

Families are granted the opportunity of private production insofar as this does not interfere with collective work.

The working day and hours of operation are organised based on the balance between the satisfaction of the economic needs of society and social transformation.

Vocational training across all subjects relevant to the co-operative are carried out in order to establish self-sufficiency. The General Assembly is authorised to regulate the division of labour and work shifts.

The co-operatives actively struggle against sexism in all of their activities. More active participation for women is facilitated through a division of labour that aims to transcend the sexist roles allotted to women and develop women’s agency. In the activities of the co-operative, the Women’s Law is the reference point for all issues concerning women.

E – Approach towards Markets

In the co-operative system, markets based on monopolising profit, speculation and inequality are not allowed.

The markets are built by the communities and the co-operative. Aside from this, no regions or communities can take or enact unilateral decisions that concern other regions and communities when creating their markets.

The market is built cooperatively between the people and regions concerned. In the construction of a market, mentalities of excessive localisation, centralisation and universalism that are out of touch with the local area are not given space.

Different co-operatives, settlements, regions or cantons can create markets jointly. Collective production, distribution and enjoyment are essential to the co-operative. A part of the produce of the co-operative is distributed to the members in order to satisfy the needs of the commune members, and the remainder is put on co-operative or local, regional, inter-communal and international markets.

Co-operative Committee
17.08.2016

 

 

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HOW DO CO-OPERATIVES WORK IN ROJAVA?

source: mesopotamia.coop

Guidelines and basic principles that the co-operatives follow

 

This is an official booklet produced by the Social Economy Development Centre, which is a part of the TEV DEM [Movement for a Democratic Society]. It lays out the basic principles under which co-operatives in Rojava run, based on decisions made after many meetings, which were attended by all of Rojava’s economic committees.

This translation of the book is taken from an Arabic version, while the pictured is the Kurdish language version. The translation has been verified by friends in Rojava, who confirm that this is the current and complete version at the time of publishing this article. The Kurdish name for the book is “Rêziknameya kooperatîfa, xalên bingehîn”, which roughly translates as “Co-operative guidelines (basic principles)”.

[Edit: very small amendments made to terminology 03/01/17 to more accurately reflect the translation]

 

Publications of the Economic Development Centre – Rojava

Internal system for co-operatives:

1. Basic terms and criteria.
2. Membership.
3. Administration.
4. Joining the co-operatives.
5. Financial management.
6. Distribution of gains (Income – procurement – profit).
7. The financial procedures.
8. Meetings.
9. Work conditions.
10. Accountability for errors and faults.
11. Preventing exclusive financial power.

 

Internal system for co-operatives:

1. Basic terms and criteria:

1. Regulation and operation on a social-economic democratic basis.
2. Working on the development of communal life and co-operative work through economic events based on social and natural standards.
3. Freedom and equality as principles for practical and administrative life, and women taking their rightful place in all commissions.
4. Commitment to securing the needs of the community, the communes and their members.
5. Working to achieve human dignity within participatory work through dialogue based on social justice, work, ethics, and democracy and participation.
6. Alongside its commitment to responsibility for its members, it must abide by its responsibilities towards the nation, society and humanity in general (According to what is possible).

 

2. Membership:

1. Anyone can participate in the community and become a member of the co-operative movement.
2. Members of the commune who have been approved by the commune are entitled to become members of the co-operatives.
3. Decisions on the grant or withdrawal of co-operative membership are taken by the General Meeting of the Co-operative, according to democratic and socially ethical principles
4. Members must comply with decisions made by the co-operative. They have the right to participate in the decision-making process, implementation, follow up and monitoring of implementation.

 

3. Administration:

1. Basic terms for administration:

• The terms and criteria proposed and decided by the co-operative are principles and criteria adopted by all members.
• The management’s members are at the same time workers in the co-operative, everyone is committed to working.
• One member only of any family may become a member of a co-operative.It is not allowed for more than one person to become a member of the bodies.
• The person is entitled to a membership of one commission only and does not have the right to acquire membership in more than one commission. A person cannot be a member in the Administrative Commission, member in the Financial Commission and member in the Follow-Up Commission at the same time.
• The Administrative Commission is separate from the Financial Commission; it is not allowed that members of the Administrative Commission can be members in the Financial Commission.
• Selection and exclusion of the membership of all the bodies is done through organised democratic election and membership shall be for one year.
• To agree on the implementation of decisions and projects, 60% of votes are required.
• All decisions taken are recorded and documented; meetings are documented in the form of written reports.
• Meetings are held in good order and according to a structured program, and in case of emergency and problems in communication, three members can hold emergency meetings.

2. Commune society:

It is considered that all members of the co-operative are members of the commune and make a place for themselves in communal life.

3. The General Assembly:

All the co-operative’s members are members of the General Assembly.

The General Assembly meetings are orderly; during the meeting there is an evaluation of the general situation and of the co-operatives’ events. They define duties and responsibilities and set out programs, being responsible for defining the duties and responsibilities.

4. The Administrative Commission:

• The Administrative Commission is formed within the General Assembly and is made up of at least three people.
• This commission implements the resolutions of the General Assembly, acts according to the duties and responsibilities specified by the General Assembly and submits all its work to the General Assembly in a written report.

5. The Financial Commission:

• The Financial Commission is appointed by the General Assembly, and it consists of at least three members. The duration of this commission is one year.
• This commission manages the financial work for the co-operative.
• Every week it submits a report of its work to the Administrative Commission, and also submits a monthly report to the Administrative Commission. Quarterly, it submits a report about their events to the Co-operative’s General Assembly.
• The commission records their work in the accounting book every day.

6. The Follow-Up Commission:

The follow-up process is generally done by the co-operative commissions and meetings. If needed, a special follow-up commission is formed by the General Assembly consisting of at least three people. Members are not entitled to be members of other commissions such as the Financial or Administrative. It submits a report about its work to the General Assembly and to the Administrative Commission.

7. The Co-operative’s Coordination:

This coordination takes place with the participation of members from the Administrative, Financial and Follow-Up commissions and three other members from the co-operative. The mission of this coordination is to develop the co-operation between the commissions and the management. It holds a meeting once a month; evaluating the commissions’ reports during their meeting and taking the necessary decisions. After each meeting, a comprehensive report about their monthly business is prepared and submitted to the General Assembly Meeting which is held every three months.

 

4. Joining the co-operative:

1. Joining the co-operative is based on money, work and participation in responsibilities. The lowest share is one and the highest share is five.
2. People with capital can join and participate in the co-operative. The stake can be borrowed from the co-operative’s fund and paid back in accordance with the conditions specified by the co-operative.
3. The Active Member: is the member who participates in the co-operative’s work with their mental and physical efforts.
4. The Financial member: is the member who participates in the co-operative’s work with their money only.

 

5. The Financial Management:

1. There is a general fund for the co-operative through which all imports and exports of the co-operative are managed. These imports and exports are recorded daily and entered in the accounting book.
2. The Financial Commission counts all the monthly and annual business and following the drawing up of accounts, they are recorded in two copies, one for the Financial Commission and the other for submission to the meeting or the management.
3. During the counting and distribution of gains (profit…etc.) the net imports are divided into three main sections:

1. A section for the requirements and activities of the next phase: where the co-operative can run the planned businesses and projects in the program and secure the raw materials, technical tools, repairs and purchase of equipment…..etc.
2. A section distributed to the members: each member takes according to their work and their requirements in a fair manner and according to the co-operative’s situation.
3. A section distributed on work, activities and general supplies for the society and the commune: this ensures the availability of health and educational supplies, basics (electricity, water, roads, sanitation, fuel, artistic and sporting events, all the supplies for the society, and provides support to the commune’s members in sickness and other situations.

4. The Financial Commission can monitor the financial records as and when needed.

(Foundations and standards of financial business)

All expenses must be recorded in systematic accounts. Two members of the Financial Commission and one member of the management should approve the accounts.

Everything must be recorded in these bills in detail / on what has been spent, the amount that has been spent, date of exchange, the issuing entity…etc.

In addition, all the imports and sales must be recorded in receipts and bills. (These bills are not less important than the previous bills)

(Daybook)

It is necessary that working hours are recorded, the start times for all workers and hourly workers need to record all hours worked in the book. The work carried by the worker should be documented so the worker knows what job they carried out and receives their payment at the end of the month for that work.

 

6. Distribution of Gains (income – procurement – profit):

Profits (procurement and profit….etc.) are distributed at the end of the year or at the end of the work, according to the financial reports in the following form:

1. 50% only for the owners of capital and this ratio can be decreased if necessary.
2. 30% for the co-operative’s fund in order to revitalise it and increase its finances (its capital) and the ratio to increase the co-operative’s capital over five years as follows:

• 30% from the first year of its establishment.
• 25% from the second year.
• 20% in the third year.
• 15% in the fourth year.
• 10% in the fifth year.

Which means the proportion for the co-operative must reach a level of 10% within five years, and in the year in which the capital increases the rate slightly, this number is added to the joint fund to boost the co-operative.

3. 20% for the general fund of the commune in order to ensure the general requirements of society and to develop the commune.

• Monthly salary allocated to co-operatives’ members commensurate with their requirements and at the end of the year or at the end of each job, each member gains specific shares as follow:

1. Members who participated in the co-operative’s work with their knowledge and efforts obtain a high percentage.
2. Members who participated in the co-operative’s work with their capital only and didn’t participate in the commune obtain the lowest percentage.
3. Members who participated in the co-operative’s work with their capital, knowledge and effort obtain the highest percentage.

• The ultimate goal of the members’ participation and joining the co-operative is to work. If some work cannot be done by the members then it is allowable to bring people from outside the co-operative with the necessary ability to carry out that work. The duration of the work is six months or a year and at the end of it they will either become permanent members of the co-operative or take advantage of and learn from the experience of co-operative members.

7. The Financial Procedures:

1. If the co-operative suffers a loss in the first year of running, the management will be replaced with new management appointed by a decision of a meeting of all members.
2. If the co-operative loses in the second year of running, the problem can be dissolved with the agreement of a majority of the members.
3. If the co-operative loses in any year, the administrative and financial commissions’ members are to be replaced, the decision recorded and they will banned from membership of the administrative and financial commissions for two years after the loss.
4. If the co-operative makes a loss twice during five years, then the administrative and financial commissions’ members who were the reason for the loss are banned from membership of the administrative and financial commissions for ten years.

8. Meetings:

1. The general community and all the co-operatives’ commissions hold their regular and emergency meetings in order to make decisions and develop plans. The general community holds the co-operative’s meeting on the third day of each month and during the meeting they discuss the action plan, the general program and make decisions.
2. Commissions and units of the co-operative hold their meetings in accordance with their activities and must meet regularly every month. They have to submit their reports to the co-operative’s meetings, which are held regularly each month.
3. Each commission must record their weekly activities in their books, as for the public meetings (monthly meeting, quarterly meetings, the general meeting and the emergency meetings) to be organised in forms of reports submitted in meetings and upper bodies.
4. If a member misses a general meeting without permission or justification, he must explain himself. If there is a repeat and he misses twice without permission and justification, he must report on his absence to the general meeting. If absent from the general meeting three times, his membership can be withdrawn by a decision of the general meeting and he can be deprived of all his rights and shares.

9. Work Conditions:

1. The program and method of work are based on the safety of society, people and nature and of course must make security measures the first priority.
2. Honesty and cleanliness at work and the performance of other requirements according to physical, spiritual and health protection.
3. All work terms must have human safety as a priority and any problems or serious accidents must be dealt with immediately and an appropriate solution found. All the requirements such as doctor, medicine, medical and hygienic equipment, etc must be taken care of.
4. Upon the occurrence of any serious accident during working hours, the co-operative and the commune is to treat the injured person and upon a death of a worker during the course of his employment, the co-operative and the commune sponsor the family of the deceased.

10. Accounting for Errors and Faults:

Evaluating mistakes and accounting errors in accordance with the terms and standards of the Democratic Society Movement and the Court of social justice.

(Large errors and faults):

1. Serving the enemy in terms of military, political, economic or cultural interests or betrayal of the community and the people’s liberation struggle.
2. Racism and sectarianism: any behaviour which shows contempt or minimizes the diverse cultures of the peoples of Kurds, Arabs, Assyrians, Syrians, Chaldeans, Armenians, Gagan, Alawite, Sunnis….etc/ demeans the traditions and sanctity of the society, of the martyrs, human dignity or burns images and flags.

(Errors and faults of second class):

1. Theft, fraud, manipulation of the potential and values of the co-operative and the commune for personal interest and gain, following family feuds, establishment of gangs and holding talks against the society and its progress.
2. All of these errors and faults are assessed and recorded by the commune’s community and the General Meeting of the co-operative.

 

11. Preventing Financial Monopolies :

1. To prevent monopolies, amount of capital participation is determined as follows: (Example)

1. The highest amount of capital participation: does not exceed the upper limit of the capital for one million euro.
2. The middle amount of capital participation: does not exceed the middle limit of the capital for two hundred thousand euro.
3. The lowest amount of capital participation: does not exceed the lowest limit of the capital for fifty thousand euro.

2. Anyone participating in a commission of any co-operative is not entitled to become a member of another co-operative’s commission.

Based on these criteria and self-democracy decisions exclusive financial power is prevented.

 

Social Economy Development Centre